Some good news! Two new Parkinson’s disease medications have just been approved by the FDA. Here are links to read more. The one pump version, Duopa, has been used in Europe since 2004. It works by by-passing the stomach and going right into the small intestine. There are a couple very good explanations in the following articles:
From The Northwest Parkinson’s Center: https://nwpf.org/wellness-center/
From the Michael J. Fox Foundation: https://www.michaeljfox.org/foundation/news-detail.php?fda-approves-duopa-levodopa-carbidopa-intestinal-gel-delivery-method-new-to-market